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[LTA music]

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We are talking about
speech-to-text interpreter.

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We talked about hearing aids.

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We talked about the importance
to have good internet connection.

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The importance to have maybe

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the speech-to-text interpreter
in front of you.

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The importance of good acoustic.

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Anything [else]
that you think might be important?

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Yeah, light.

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Just for this my picture is a lot darker
than the 2 of yours.

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But I still think
that my facial expressions are there.

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The light means a lot.

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I have also been FaceTiming
with people with hearing loss

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and they said: “Could you [move] a little,

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because you have some light coming in
behind you?”

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And that would disturb the lip-reading.

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Marcel, would you like to add something?

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Yes, for me is the same.

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Light is very important to see the face
for the non-verbal communication

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but also for reading the lips.

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There is something that I don’t like,
but yours is working fine,

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and that is
the “electronic background” behind.

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Because sometimes
the faces are a little bit moving

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or you cannot see very good the faces.

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This makes the lip-reading
more difficult.

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We call it “visual noise”.

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Maybe to have not this background maybe,
but like a “video” background.

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No, not a video, thank you!

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It moves too much.

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It’s very disturbing.

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So that is “visual noise”.

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Before you said that subtitles must be
word-by-word subtitles:

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that is very important.

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You know, in LTA project,
we also care about accessibility,

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for persons who need
more simplified subtitles.

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What do you recommend about it?

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Do you prefer more simplified subtitles,
or less simplified subtitles?

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And why do you think,
and in what situation do you think

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easy-subtitles should be a plus
for some persons?

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Well, I like to have what happens
in the room interpreted to me.

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But I don’t want so much:
to have interpreted what it’s meant.

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That is for my brain to do that.

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Again, some people might need that.

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For a conference, for instance,
it would be nice that you tick the box

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of what kind of accessibility you need.

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Do you need verbatim?
Or do you need easy-to-read?

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Because it may not be
the same interpreter that we should use.

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Yeah. Can I give you an example?

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When you look to the Teletubbies,

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on the television,
that is a program for small kids.

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There, the spoken language is in
very simple words.

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Then, it’s also important
that each word is typed.

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But when you are working

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in an academic meeting
or in other meeting,

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and there are a lot of difficult words,

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then it is also important
that each word is typed.

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Personally, I don’t like so much
to have them simpler.

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Maybe when the speech goes so fast

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that you don’t know
what the client is saying,

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you say: “Ok, what are we doing?
Do we make it more summarized?”

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or “Do we make more short breaks
for the interpreter?”

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That is also an option.

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And of course this is related
to the time of meeting.

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Is it a very short meeting
with the interpreter?

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Then for me it’s not a big problem,

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when it is not so accurate,

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or there are more spelling mistakes.

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But at work settings, I thing also
for students at education settings,

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it is very important that you have
a good quality of the speech-to-text.

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People with learning difficulties
or with language difficulties,

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if you work for them, of course:

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then is fine to have the subtitles
or the speech-to-text

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in more easier language.

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But when the presentation is not
in easy language,

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then it is a very difficult question.

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It is up to the speech-to-text interpreter
to make the language easier in the text.

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Personally, I don't like it.

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I also don't like

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when sign language interpreters
make it easier for the Deaf person.

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I think it's not the job
or the role of the interpreter.

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That is a bit of a personal opinion.

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I think the message from a speaker,

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we should not have interpreted
what that person thinks about this topic.

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We should be informed
of what is a person saying

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and then we should manage

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to understand what is the meaning
in this topic.

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Some years ago back at a conference,

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I had some speech-to-text and I was
all the time on the screen informed:

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“They are talking about…”

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And I was thinking: “Yeah, but
what are they saying about that topic?”

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In during the breaks afterwards,
if I want to go to the speaker

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and ask a question,

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I’m not able to ask qualified questions,
because I don’t really know

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what the person was saying
about the topic.

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All I could address would be to say:

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“So, you were talking about that topic?”

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Yeah, how interesting is that.

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And this is a problem I think.

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Sometimes this is our situation

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and all the people may think
that we don’t really understand anything.

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That is important,

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that we still get our brains
to work at that high intellectual level,

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that we are able to.

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We talked about the working settings.

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In what other environments do you think
that real-time subtitles should be provided

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so that people who use hearing aids
can have full accessibility?

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I think that is very important also
to talk about education settings.

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Aida can say something more about
the primary school and secondary school.

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But we see also more and more
lifetime education

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at work, in your free time.

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And that is also fine
that you have the possibility to hire

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a speech-to-text interpreter.

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Here is the same question and discussion
as we had before.

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Is the training course about
motors of cars

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or very technical aspects?

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Or a training course about
the history of Denmark?

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Then, it is also needed different types
of speech-to-text interpreters.

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The one speech-to-text interpreter
that have more feeling for technical stuff

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related in cars,

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and the other maybe have more feelings
for history.

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But some speech-to-text interpreter
can do both very well.

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Maybe most of the times.

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That is also related
to the personal interests

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of speech-to-text interpreters.

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But for example
when you go to a training course

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at the university or in high-school,

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also there it is a little bit the same
than in work settings.

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How is the room?

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Are the people sitting in a circle?

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How big is the group?

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Are there 10 people talking?

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This is different than 100 people
sitting in a theatre setting.

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And also there,
for me is important the light,

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the acoustics,
no background noises,

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if I can see the speakers very well.

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Is it needed that I use
the neckloop system,

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so that I give the speaker,
or the teacher, a special mic?

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Then we have
the speech-to-text interpreter.

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Then it is important to say
that the transcript

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that the speech-to-text interpreter makes
is only for the student,

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and is not for all the students
in the classroom.

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The speech-to-text interpreter makes it
only for the student.

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That is possible in the Netherlands,

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but for example
in the Scandinavian countries

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it is not possible to share
the transcript.

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Or that the interpreter gives
the transcript

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of the meeting to the client.

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That also happens in work settings
and in other meetings.

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I think that Aida maybe can say
something about

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speech-to-text interpreters
at the secondary and the primary schools.

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I have worked as a consultants
for school children with hearing loss

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included in local settings.

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It is still not used that we introduce
speech-to-text to these kids.

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And if you look to Great Britain,
they have puppet theatre with subtitles.

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For instance, Little Red Riding Hood.

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They would put up a picture
of Little Red Riding Hood

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and then it would be written
what is she saying.

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You can actually practice reading.

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To read with inderstanding.

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It can be done,
but it is still not introduced here.

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The typical thing is not until
a young person goes into university,

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then they are introduced
to speech-to-text,

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which is very strange.
Really, really strange.

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And they have never heard of it
until then.

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I’m quite convinced
that it should be introduced

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because it is a good mean
for these kids to have it.

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It is sometimes used
if a film is being shown,

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to have the subtitles put on,
if they’re available.

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And then you mentioned Marcel
to have the transcript.

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That is not possible
in the Scandinavian countries.

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You can, in the Netherlands,
have the transcript from a meeting.

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I think in the UK they can pay
to have the transcript,

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where you can have it for free.

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But that is also a legal thing
in the Scandinavian countries,

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so that the interpreter cannot risk
to be taken to court

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for something being said
in a meeting.

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It depends on what kind
of meeting it is, of course.

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I do appreciate when I work
in international settings.

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There I can have a transcript
after a meeting,

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so that I can run through
all the different topics again.

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Because I still do concentrate
in more ways

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than somebody
who has a typical hearing.

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Sure.

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So to fill the gaps
that maybe you could have

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during the meeting.

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Yeah, quite.

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And what other settings do you think

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should provide
a speech-to-text interpreter?

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We talked about school now.

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It is good to say something
about cultural life.

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The film for example in the Netherlands.

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When you go to the cinema,
all the movies from abroad have subtitles.

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But all the movies
in the Dutch language have no subtitling.

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Sometimes,
there are special film meetings

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with subtitling,
but they are very limited.

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The same happens in the theatre.

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In the theatre,
the plays are without subtitles.

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Also musicals are without subtitles.

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Only the operas have subtitles,

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but they are in the top of the theatre,
in the top of the stage.

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There, you can read the speech-to-text.

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Some years ago,
Aida and I were in Oslo,

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in the beautiful theatre.

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The Opera House in Oslo,
maybe you know that?

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There you can read the subtitles
in the back of the chair before you.

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Then you can have 2 options:

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to have the subtitles in English,

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or in Norwegian.

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But maybe in Denmark
there are other possibilities?

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No, we don’t have that.

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But we do have in the opera
the subtitles.

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They are just above the stage.

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I think in opera, when they sing
the same text for a very long time,

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it is not so hard with operas.

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We are better now with films in Danish,

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because film producers here
receive support

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from the Danish state.

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If they do not provide subtitles,
then they would not have the support.

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That’s a financial thing,
and is apparently a good way to do it.

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Yeah.

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But also here you see
a lot of differences.

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In Sweden,

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all the films in the Swedish language are
with subtitles.

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In the United Kingdom you see
that musicals

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and a lot of places are
with subtitles.

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Not all, but a lot of.

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For example, in big theatres in London,
but also all over the country,

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there are a lot of situations
where speech-to-text is included.

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To summarize a little bit.

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This is our final question.

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Since the necessity to provide
real-time subtitles

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for persons who use
hearing aids is a topic that,

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as we have seen, is not discussed
very often.

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What is your final recommendation?

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Maybe to say something about settings,

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also for personal situations.

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At parties, but also not nice settings,
when you need to go to a funeral,

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or you need to go to the hospital.

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In that kind of “personal” moment,

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you can also use
a speech-to-text interpreter.

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Personally, I don’t do that so much
and I am a little bit doubting.

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Some people like to do that.

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Sometimes it can be
a little bit complicated.

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00:17:58,928 --> 00:18:01,199
When you go to a marriage,

245
00:18:02,198 --> 00:18:06,000
or a party from a friend of yours,

246
00:18:06,130 --> 00:18:11,277
and you take
a speech-to-text interpreter with you.

247
00:18:11,527 --> 00:18:17,585
Then, it is very important
that you contacted before your friend

248
00:18:17,741 --> 00:18:23,736
[and ask] if it is OK that you bring
the speech-to-text interpreter with you.

249
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,289
For example, when I have
a birthday party

250
00:18:27,695 --> 00:18:30,319
in my family, I never do that.

251
00:18:30,504 --> 00:18:35,555
And when I do that,
they look a little bit:

252
00:18:36,460 --> 00:18:41,424
“Oh, what is happening to you?
What is this person doing?”

253
00:18:42,235 --> 00:18:46,121
Then it is very important
a good introduction

254
00:18:46,402 --> 00:18:48,556
of the speech-to-text interpreter.

255
00:18:48,743 --> 00:18:54,573
Also in work settings is
very important that I,

256
00:18:54,760 --> 00:18:58,227
as a hard of hearing person,
but also the speech-to-text interpreter,

257
00:18:58,758 --> 00:19:02,632
explain what he or she is doing.

258
00:19:03,787 --> 00:19:06,454
So that there’s no misunderstanding

259
00:19:06,641 --> 00:19:11,169
about the role
of the speech-to-text interpreter.

260
00:19:11,479 --> 00:19:17,791
But maybe Aida uses for personal settings
sometimes the speech-to-text interpreter?

261
00:19:19,334 --> 00:19:20,966
No. No, I don’t.

262
00:19:21,153 --> 00:19:24,579
I use what I can get on my TV,

263
00:19:25,047 --> 00:19:28,951
and I also use it now
when I watch YouTube films.

264
00:19:29,260 --> 00:19:32,547
I really appreciate
that it is there now.

265
00:19:33,920 --> 00:19:37,782
I’m looking forward every time
and really enjoyed when it is there.

266
00:19:38,188 --> 00:19:39,600
About going to a party,

267
00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:44,494
an old friend of mine went
to her son’s 50th birthday.

268
00:19:45,053 --> 00:19:46,483
And she was very worried.

269
00:19:47,294 --> 00:19:51,960
She said: “I will try to have
a speech-to-text interpreter with me.”

270
00:19:52,080 --> 00:19:55,367
And of course the son said:
“Yes, this is a very good idea.”

271
00:19:55,929 --> 00:19:58,900
And it was such a great idea.

272
00:19:59,088 --> 00:20:03,342
Everyone around the table
where she sat really enjoyed it,

273
00:20:03,498 --> 00:20:06,000
and they were also having
some fun with this.

274
00:20:07,182 --> 00:20:11,192
She wrote me the next day
and said when she came home,

275
00:20:11,317 --> 00:20:14,334
that she could not fall asleep
because she was so happy.

276
00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:18,947
It was a long time ago
that she had “heard” so much

277
00:20:19,103 --> 00:20:22,601
and really have been part of the party.

278
00:20:22,879 --> 00:20:25,861
She was so happy that she had tried it.

279
00:20:26,048 --> 00:20:28,037
This is a good thing,

280
00:20:28,120 --> 00:20:31,379
and I think this is also important
that elderly people

281
00:20:32,003 --> 00:20:37,249
actually find out that this is possible
and they can do it.

282
00:20:37,623 --> 00:20:39,516
But I have another thing,

283
00:20:39,560 --> 00:20:43,701
because with the European Federation
of Hard of Hearing I have travelled a lot.

284
00:20:44,159 --> 00:20:46,633
At the gate when they call people out

285
00:20:46,758 --> 00:20:50,878
and say which [one]
in the plane should come up first.

286
00:20:51,003 --> 00:20:54,893
Then I always walk up
and then it’s not me.

287
00:20:55,954 --> 00:20:59,390
They have so many big screens
and it takes nothing.

288
00:20:59,546 --> 00:21:02,701
I mean, they can pre-type
these sentences

289
00:21:02,857 --> 00:21:06,761
and show it on a screen
and then just add the numbers.

290
00:21:08,037 --> 00:21:12,000
There is a huge thing in transport,
I think.

291
00:21:13,122 --> 00:21:16,512
Airports, trains, buses, whatever,

292
00:21:16,886 --> 00:21:22,319
where we can also have
good use of speech-to-text.

293
00:21:23,724 --> 00:21:28,006
Piero, I’d like to say something more
about work settings.

294
00:21:28,692 --> 00:21:34,230
It’s good to know that I have only one
speech-to-text interpreter with me.

295
00:21:34,636 --> 00:21:37,753
Is the meeting for 2 hours?
It’s also one.

296
00:21:37,910 --> 00:21:41,779
But if the meeting [lasts] 6 hours,
I have also one.

297
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:44,920
For a very limited time,
[I have] 2 with me.

298
00:21:45,199 --> 00:21:48,144
So that means
that at the coffee break,

299
00:21:48,362 --> 00:21:50,110
or at the lunch break,

300
00:21:50,362 --> 00:21:55,940
also the interpreter has coffee break
and lunch break.

301
00:21:57,156 --> 00:22:00,855
That is fine,
but on the other hand not fine.

302
00:22:00,980 --> 00:22:06,142
Because in the coffee break
there is a lot of background sounds.

303
00:22:06,673 --> 00:22:09,907
Then sometimes
it is very difficult for me

304
00:22:10,344 --> 00:22:13,311
to participate [in this] part
of the meeting.

305
00:22:13,652 --> 00:22:16,622
Because then the lunch time

306
00:22:16,902 --> 00:22:20,180
without the support
of the speech-to-text interpreter

307
00:22:20,554 --> 00:22:24,132
costs me more energy
than the whole meeting,

308
00:22:26,162 --> 00:22:34,275
because I need to concentrate
so much to listen, to look.

309
00:22:34,742 --> 00:22:41,266
Because the hearing aids are not able
to reduce

310
00:22:41,640 --> 00:22:43,640
all the background noises.

311
00:22:43,950 --> 00:22:49,871
Some hearing aids programs are able
to focus on the other speakers,

312
00:22:50,245 --> 00:22:56,226
and haven't the possibility
to reduce the background noises.

313
00:22:57,880 --> 00:23:00,207
There is a limitation in that.

314
00:23:01,393 --> 00:23:07,027
Sometimes in the [advertisement]
of a new hearing aid,

315
00:23:07,401 --> 00:23:10,556
they present them as wonderful,

316
00:23:10,710 --> 00:23:16,120
so that you can hear effectively
also in noisy room.

317
00:23:16,276 --> 00:23:17,868
Maybe sometimes.

318
00:23:18,149 --> 00:23:23,020
But in most of the times is
an hard work for the hearing aids,

319
00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:25,344
but also for the hard of hearing person.

320
00:23:26,218 --> 00:23:29,463
But the problem is also
that the background noise

321
00:23:29,682 --> 00:23:32,788
at coffee breaks will be
other people talking.

322
00:23:33,100 --> 00:23:34,997
And other people's voices.

323
00:23:35,185 --> 00:23:42,676
And speech sounds is the same frequencies
that we are using.

324
00:23:42,894 --> 00:23:49,472
Then some will maybe recommend you
to use your smartphone

325
00:23:49,659 --> 00:23:53,440
and some app that could translate

326
00:23:53,770 --> 00:23:56,016
or write what people are saying.

327
00:23:56,328 --> 00:24:01,413
But that microphone is just as vulnerable
as the microphones in your hearing aids.

328
00:24:02,942 --> 00:24:09,216
Sometimes we escape to the back kitchen
or something to have quiet around us 

329
00:24:09,341 --> 00:24:11,142
and be able to talk.

330
00:24:13,015 --> 00:24:19,224
So, in conclusion: more speech-to-text
interpreters for every situation.

331
00:24:19,879 --> 00:24:21,752
-Yes.
-That’s the key.

332
00:24:22,969 --> 00:24:25,019
Yeah, that is the key.

333
00:24:25,861 --> 00:24:30,560
That there is a good access
to speech-to-text interpreters

334
00:24:30,640 --> 00:24:32,468
 so that we are then enough.

335
00:24:33,933 --> 00:24:35,385
But it’s also important

336
00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:40,849
that the speech-to-text interpreters
are educated very well

337
00:24:41,721 --> 00:24:43,591
in the technical stuff.

338
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:48,440
Some speech-to-text interpreters use
the Velotype, or the steno machine,

339
00:24:48,560 --> 00:24:52,178
or type in a keyboard.

340
00:24:55,203 --> 00:24:59,600
Then is good
that the speech-to-text interpreters have

341
00:24:59,720 --> 00:25:05,259
also the knowledge about the technique.

342
00:25:05,570 --> 00:25:10,927
But sometimes the machine
or the keyboard is broken,

343
00:25:12,768 --> 00:25:15,923
or there is no good Internet connection.

344
00:25:17,574 --> 00:25:21,909
Sometimes there are
some technical difficulties.

345
00:25:23,656 --> 00:25:28,953
Hopefully in the future Automatic Speech
Recognition will be better.

346
00:25:29,546 --> 00:25:37,278
Yeah, maybe. But it is also important
to train the Automatic Speech Recognition.

347
00:25:37,528 --> 00:25:41,629
Thank you, Aida and Marcel for joining.

348
00:25:42,347 --> 00:25:47,290
Thank you very much
for all your interesting points of view.

349
00:25:48,015 --> 00:25:56,105
[LTA music]

350
00:25:58,523 --> 00:26:00,941
LTA. LiveTextAccess.

351
00:26:01,721 --> 00:26:04,220
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.

352
00:26:05,250 --> 00:26:08,436
SDI - Internationale Hochschule.

353
00:26:09,466 --> 00:26:12,964
Scuola Superiore
per Mediatori Linguistici.

354
00:26:14,181 --> 00:26:15,900
ZDFDigital.

355
00:26:17,055 --> 00:26:20,241
The European Federation
of Hard of Hearing People - EFHOH.

356
00:26:21,333 --> 00:26:22,423
VELOTYPE.

357
00:26:23,359 --> 00:26:24,704
SUB-TI ACCESS.

358
00:26:25,796 --> 00:26:30,761
European Certification
and Qualification Association - ECQA.

359
00:26:34,163 --> 00:26:37,911
Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union.

360
00:26:40,064 --> 00:26:41,565
Erasmus+ Project:

361
00:26:42,314 --> 00:26:53,989
2018-1-DE01-KA203-004218.

362
00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:58,835
The information and views
set on this presentation

363
00:26:59,053 --> 00:27:00,897
are those of the authors

364
00:27:01,053 --> 00:27:04,707
and do not necessarily reflect
the official opinion

365
00:27:04,863 --> 00:27:06,145
of the European Union.

366
00:27:07,299 --> 00:27:11,044
Neither the European Union
institutions and bodies

367
00:27:11,637 --> 00:27:14,199
nor any person acting on their behalf

368
00:27:14,823 --> 00:27:17,541
may be held responsible
for the use

369
00:27:17,791 --> 00:27:21,164
which may be made
of the information contained here.